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com·pli·ca·tion n. [kom-pli-key-shuh n]
•The act of complicating.
• A complicated or
involved state or condition.
• A complex combination
of elements or things.
• Something that
introduces, usually
unexpectedly, some
difficulty, problem,
change, etc.
• Pathology - a concurrent
disease, accident,
or adverse reaction that
aggravates the
original disease.
• The act of forming a
unified idea or
impression from a
number of sense data,
memories, etc.
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Atherectomy
Definition
Atherectomy is a non-surgical procedure to open blocked coronary arteries or vein grafts by using a device on the end of a catheter to cut or shave away atherosclerotic plaque (a deposit of fat and other substances that accumulate in the lining of the artery wall).
Purpose
Atherectomy is performed to restore the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart, to relieve chest pain, and to prevent heart attacks. It may be done on patients with chest pain who have not responded to other medical therapy and on certain of those who are candidates for balloon angioplasty (a surgical procedure in which a balloon catheter is used to flatten plaque against an artery wall) or coronary artery bypass graft surgery. It is sometimes performed to remove plaque that has built up after a coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Precautions
Atherectomy should not be performed when the plaque is located where blood vessels divide into branches, when plaque is angular or inside an angle of a blood vessel, on patients with weak vessel walls, on ulcerated or calcium-hardened lesions, or on blockages through which a guide wire won't pass.
Description
Atherectomy uses a rotating shaver or other device placed on the end of a catheter to slice away or destroy plaque. At the beginning of the procedure, medications to control blood pressure, dilate the coronary arteries, and prevent blood clots are administered. The patient is awake but sedated. The catheter is inserted into an artery in the groin, leg, or arm, and threaded through the blood vessels into the blocked coronary artery. The cutting head is positioned against the plaque and activated, and the plaque is ground up or suctioned out.
The types of atherectomy are rotational, directional, and transluminal extraction. Rotational atherectomy uses a high speed rotating shaver to grind up plaque. Directional atherectomy was the first type approved, but is no longer commonly used; it scrapes plaque into an opening in one side of the catheter. Transluminal extraction coronary atherectomy uses a device that cuts plaque off vessel walls and vacuums it into a bottle. It is used to clear bypass grafts.
Performed in a cardiac catheterization lab, atherectomy is also called removal of plaque from the coronary arteries. It can be used instead of, or along with, balloon angioplasty. Atherectomy is successful about 95% of the time. Plaque forms again in 20-30% of patients.
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| LIST OF DIABETES COMPLICATIONS |
Click the links below to view information in right panel >>>
Heart Disease - Types - Symptoms
Eye Complications - Types and Symptoms
Diabetic Nephropathy (Kidney Disease) - Types and Symptoms
Skin Complications - Types and Symptoms
Infections - Warning Signs
Stroke - Description, Symptoms, and Treatment
Foot Complications - Types and Symptoms
Hearing Loss - Symptoms and Care
Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) - Symptoms and Treatment
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) - Description and Warning Signs
Ketoacidosis - Warnings and Symptoms |
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Age-Adjusted Death Rates* for Diabetes, by Race and Sex --- United States, 1979--2006†
* Per 100,000 U.S. standard population.
† Data for 2006 are preliminary.
§ In 1999, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) replaced the previous revision of the ICD (ICD-9). This resulted in approximately 2% more deaths being classified as diabetes mellitus under ICD-10 (diagnosis codes E10--E14) than would be counted under ICD-9 (diagnosis code 250); therefore, death rates before 1999 are not exactly comparable with those computed after 1998.
Age-adjusted death rates for diabetes declined for whites and blacks from 2005 to 2006. This was the biggest drop in the diabetes death rate since 1999. The rate for black males, however, has generally increased and first surpassed the rate for black females in 2001.
SOURCE: Heron MP, Hoyert DL, Xu JQ, Scott C, Tejada-Vera B. Deaths: preliminary data for 2006. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2008;56(16). Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr56/nvsr56_16.pdf and http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/statab/hist001r.pdf.
More diabetes statistics here
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MORTALITY
FACT
In 2005 hyperglycemic
crises caused 2385 deaths, 20% lower than the 3012 deaths in 1980. |
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Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney disease and renal failure |
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